Burkle, D, De Motte, R, Taleb, W et al. (5 more authors) (2016) Development of an electrochemically integrated SR-GIXRD flow cell to study FeCO3 formation kinetics. Review of Scientific Instruments, 87 (10). 105125. ISSN 0034-6748
Abstract
An electrochemically integrated Synchrotron Radiation-Grazing Incidence X-Ray Diffraction (SR-GIXRD) flow cell for studying corrosion product formation on carbon steel in carbon dioxide (CO2)-containing brines typical of oil and gas production has been developed. The system is capable of generating flow velocities of up to 2 m/s at temperatures in excess of 80ºC during SR-GIXRD measurements of the steel surface, enabling flow to be maintained over the course of the experiment while diffraction patterns are being collected. The design of the flow cell is presented, along with electrochemical and diffraction pattern transients collected from an initial experiment which examined the precipitation of FeCO3 onto X65 carbon steel in a CO2-saturated 3.5 wt.% NaCl brine at 80ºC and 0.1 m/s. The flow cell is used to follow the nucleation and growth kinetics of FeCO3 using SR-GIXRD linked to the simultaneous electrochemical response of the steel surface which were collected in the form of Linear Polarisation Resistance (LPR) measurements to decipher in situ corrosion rates. The results show that FeCO3 nucleation could be detected consistently and well before its inhibitive effect on the general corrosion rate of the system. In situ measurements are compared with ex situ Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) observations showing the development of an FeCO3 layer on the corroding steel surface over time confirming the in situ interpretations. The results presented demonstrate that under the specific conditions evaluated, FeCO3 was the only crystalline phase to form in the system, with no crystalline precursors being apparent. The numerous capabilities of the flow cell are highlighted and presented in this paper.
Metadata
Item Type: | Article |
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Authors/Creators: |
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Copyright, Publisher and Additional Information: | Published by AIP Publishing. This article may be downloaded for personal use only. Any other use requires prior permission of the author and AIP Publishing. This is an author produced version of a paper published in Review of Scientific Instruments, and available at https://doi.org/10.1063/1.4965971. Uploaded in accordance with the publisher's self-archiving policy. |
Dates: |
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Institution: | The University of Leeds |
Academic Units: | The University of Leeds > Faculty of Engineering & Physical Sciences (Leeds) > School of Mechanical Engineering (Leeds) > Institute of Functional Surfaces (Leeds) |
Funding Information: | Funder Grant number BP International Ltd CW2026986 |
Depositing User: | Symplectic Publications |
Date Deposited: | 21 Oct 2016 10:10 |
Last Modified: | 11 Apr 2017 07:07 |
Published Version: | https://doi.org/10.1063/1.4965971 |
Status: | Published |
Publisher: | AIP Publishing |
Identification Number: | 10.1063/1.4965971 |
Open Archives Initiative ID (OAI ID): | oai:eprints.whiterose.ac.uk:106257 |