Multi-target tracking using a swarm of UAVs by Q-learning algorithm

This paper proposes a scheme for multiple unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) to track multiple targets in challenging 3-D environments while avoiding obstacle collisions. The scheme relies on Received-Signal-Strength-Indicator (RSSI) measurements to estimate and track target positions and uses a Q-Learning (QL) algorithm to enhance the intelligence of UAVs for autonomous navigation and obstacle avoidance. Considering the limitation of UAVs in their power and computing capacity, a global reward function is used to determine the optimal actions for the joint control of energy consumption, computation time, and tracking accuracy. Extensive simulations demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed scheme, achieving accurate and efficient target tracking with low energy consumption.