Physico-mechanical and structural characteristics of blend film of poly (vinyl alcohol) with biodegradable polymers as affected by disorder-to-order conformational transition

The binary blend films of poly (vinyl alcohol) (PVA) were prepared with selected biodegradable polymers (Na-alginate, gelatin, chitosan, κ-carrageenan and carboxymethyl cellulose) at the point of their chain entanglement. The water resistance, water vapor permeability and mechanical assays were considered as a benchmark to select the superior blend film. The highest water resistant and water barrier property belonged to the blend that contains κ-carrageenan. Introducing the biodegradable polymers into PVA led to an increase in tensile strength, among which κ-carrageenan being further effective than the others. Accordingly, the influence of conformational change of κ-carrageenan chains from disorder-to-order mode on PVA matrix was monitored by hydrophobicity assay, FT-IR, FE-SEM and XRD. The conformational transition of κ-carrageenan chains to ordered mode increased PVA hydrophobicity. Moreover, κ-carrageenan chains, which were present in ordered form, noticeably decreased the surface free energy of the PVA-based film. The emergence of new characteristic bands regarding κ-carrageenan found in the fingerprint region of PVA at above κ-carrageenan coil-overlap concentration. FE-SEM exhibited that PVA surface became uniform along with the disappearance of micro-cracks after κ-carrageenan inclusion. The pronounced κ-carrageenan peak appeared in X-ray diffraction pattern of PVA after the conformational transition of κ-carrageenan chains.