A Battery Energy Management Strategy for UK Enhanced Frequency Response and Triad Avoidance

This paper describes a control algorithm for a battery energy storage system (BESS) to deliver a charge/discharge power output in response to changes in the grid frequency constrained by the National Grid Electricity Transmission (NGET) - the primary electricity transmission network operator in the UK - whilst managing the state-of-charge (SOC) of the BESS to optimise the availability of the system. Furthermore, this paper investigates using the BESS in order to maximise Triad avoidance benefit revenues whilst layering other services. Simulation using a 2 MW/1 MWh lithium-titanate BESS validated model are carried out to explore possible scenarios using the proposed algorithms. Finally, experimental results of the 2MW/1MWh Willenhall Energy Storage System (WESS) verify the performance of the proposed algorithms.