Ekpo, U, Ross, AB, Camargo-Valero, MA et al. (1 more author) (2016) A comparison of product yields and inorganic content in process streams following thermal hydrolysis and hydrothermal processing of microalgae, manure and digestate. Bioresource Technology, 200. 951 - 960. ISSN 0960-8524
Abstract
Thermal hydrolysis and hydrothermal processing show promise for converting biomass into higher energy density fuels. Both approaches facilitate the extraction of inorganics into the aqueous product. This study compares the behaviour of microalgae, digestate, swine and chicken manure by thermal hydrolysis and hydrothermal processing at increasing process severity. Thermal hydrolysis was performed at 170°C, hydrothermal carbonisation (HTC) was performed at 250°C, hydrothermal liquefaction (HTL) was performed at 350°C and supercritical water gasification (SCWG) was performed at 500°C. The level of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in the product streams was measured for each feedstock. Nitrogen is present in the aqueous phase as organic-N and NH3-N. The proportion of organic-N is higher at lower temperatures. Extraction of phosphorus is linked to the presence of inorganics such as Ca, Mg and Fe in the feedstock. Microalgae and chicken manure release phosphorus more easily than other feedstocks.
Metadata
Item Type: | Article |
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Authors/Creators: |
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Copyright, Publisher and Additional Information: | © 2015 Published by Elsevier Ltd. This is an author produced version of a paper published in Bioresource Technology. Uploaded in accordance with the publisher's self-archiving policy. |
Keywords: | Hydrothermal processing; NPK; Manure; Microalgae; Digestate |
Dates: |
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Institution: | The University of Leeds |
Academic Units: | The University of Leeds > Faculty of Engineering & Physical Sciences (Leeds) > School of Chemical & Process Engineering (Leeds) > Energy Research Institute (Leeds) |
Depositing User: | Symplectic Publications |
Date Deposited: | 21 Dec 2015 16:37 |
Last Modified: | 16 Nov 2016 15:26 |
Published Version: | http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2015.11.018 |
Status: | Published |
Publisher: | Elsevier |
Identification Number: | 10.1016/j.biortech.2015.11.018 |
Open Archives Initiative ID (OAI ID): | oai:eprints.whiterose.ac.uk:93010 |