Provod, M, Marsham, JH, Parker, D et al. (1 more author) (2016) A Characterization of Cold Pools in the West African Sahel. Monthly Weather Review, 144 (5). pp. 1923-1934. ISSN 0027-0644
Abstract
Cold pools are integral components of squall-line mesoscale convective systems and the West African Monsoon, but are poorly represented in operational global models. Observations of thirty-eight cold pools made at Niamey during the 2006 AMMA (African Monsoon Multidisciplinary Analysis) campaign (1 June to 30 September 2006), are used to generate a seasonal characterization of cold-pool properties by quantifying related changes in surface meteorological variables. Cold pools were associated with temperature decreases of 2 to 14 ͦC, pressure increases of 0 to 8 hPa and wind gusts of 3 to 22 m s-1. Comparison with published values of similar variables from the Great Plains of the USA showed comparable differences. The leading part of most cold pools had decreased water vapour mixing ratios compared to the environment, with moister air, likely related to precipitation, approximately 30 minutes behind the gust front. A novel diagnostic used to quantify how consistent observed cold pool temperatures are with saturated or unsaturated descent from mid-levels (Fractional Evaporational Energy Deficit, FEED) shows that early-season cold pools are consistent with less saturated descents. Early season cold pools were relatively colder, windier and wetter, consistent with drier mid-levels, although this was only statistically significant for the change in moisture. Late season cold pools tended to decrease equivalent potential temperature from the pre-cold-pool value, whereas earlier in the season changes were smaller, with more increases. The role of cold pools may therefore change through the season, with early season cold-pools more able to feed subsequent convection.
Metadata
Item Type: | Article |
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Authors/Creators: |
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Editors: |
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Copyright, Publisher and Additional Information: | © 2016 American Meteorological Society. This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License CC-BY 4.0. |
Keywords: | Physical Meteorology and Climatology; CAPE; Cold pools; Convective storms; Evaporation; Mesoscale systems |
Dates: |
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Institution: | The University of Leeds |
Academic Units: | The University of Leeds > Faculty of Environment (Leeds) > School of Earth and Environment (Leeds) > Inst for Climate & Atmos Science (ICAS) (Leeds) |
Depositing User: | Symplectic Publications |
Date Deposited: | 29 Jul 2015 15:49 |
Last Modified: | 07 Mar 2018 00:55 |
Published Version: | http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/MWR-D-15-0023.1 |
Status: | Published |
Publisher: | American Meteorological Society |
Identification Number: | 10.1175/MWR-D-15-0023.1 |
Open Archives Initiative ID (OAI ID): | oai:eprints.whiterose.ac.uk:88489 |