Broadhead, A.T., Horn, R. and Lerner, D.N. (2015) Finding lost streams and springs captured in combined sewers: A multiple lines of evidence approach. Water and Environment Journal, 29 (2). 288 - 297. ISSN 1747-6585
Abstract
Some streams and springs have been historically and intentionally captured into combined sewer systems. This is a source of clean baseflow to combined sewers and wastewater treatment works that, unlike groundwater, infiltration-inflow through pipe cracks and defective joints, has not been widely considered by the UK water industry. This study presents the first formal methodology, using multiple lines of evidence, to locate lost streams and springs and identify where they have been captured into the combined sewers. In a UK case study, approximately half the total stream length and over 100 natural springs have been apparently lost and could be flowing into the combined sewers. Evidence has demonstrated the suitability of tests to indicate captured flow in sewers, and has confirmed several streams and springs flowing into combined sewers.
Metadata
Item Type: | Article |
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Authors/Creators: |
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Copyright, Publisher and Additional Information: | © 2015 CIWEM. This is an author produced version of a paper subsequently published in Water and Environment Journal. Uploaded in accordance with the publisher's self-archiving policy. |
Dates: |
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Institution: | The University of Sheffield |
Academic Units: | The University of Sheffield > Faculty of Engineering (Sheffield) > Department of Civil and Structural Engineering (Sheffield) |
Depositing User: | Symplectic Sheffield |
Date Deposited: | 10 Jun 2015 10:32 |
Last Modified: | 19 Mar 2016 05:20 |
Published Version: | http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/wej.12104 |
Status: | Published |
Publisher: | Wiley |
Refereed: | Yes |
Identification Number: | 10.1111/wej.12104 |
Open Archives Initiative ID (OAI ID): | oai:eprints.whiterose.ac.uk:86971 |