Sanitation options in rural and urban areas: best practices

Suitable low-cost sanitation systems for use in poor rural and urban areas are described. For dispersed rural areas Arborloos generally represent the ‘best’ choice. As the density increases other options may be used, including alternating twin-pit or twin-vault systems providing they can be desludged by the users. In poor urban areas the choice is normally between simplified sewerage, low-cost combined sewerage and community-managed sanitation blocks.