Gallagher, AM orcid.org/0000-0002-2625-7715 (2014) What constitutes a ‘Manifest Failing’? Ambiguous and inconsistent terminology and the Responsibility to Protect. International Relations, 28 (4). 444. pp. 428-444. ISSN 0047-1178
Abstract
Paragraph 139 of the World Summit Outcome Document (WSOD) stipulates that the international community is prepared to respond on a ‘case-by-case basis’ in a ‘timely and decisive manner’ when ‘national authorities are manifestly failing to protect their populations’ from genocide, war crimes, ethnic cleansing and crimes against humanity. But what constitutes a ‘manifest failing’? Ten years on from the WSOD, it is evident that there is a large amount of ambiguity and inconsistency in how this term is interpreted and applied. This article highlights the confusion and complexity within the discourse prior to putting forward five policy prescriptions. In so doing, it argues that a
more informed understanding of the concept will, primarily, rectify the problems of ambiguity and inconsistency and, secondarily, may help address fears of Great Power manipulation and assist in delegitimising misuse of the R2P.
Metadata
Item Type: | Article |
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Authors/Creators: |
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Copyright, Publisher and Additional Information: | © 2014, Sage Publications. This is an author produced version of a paper published in International Relations Journal. Uploaded in accordance with the publisher's self-archiving policy. |
Keywords: | Ambiguity; Inconsistency; Manifest failing; Pillar three; The responsibility to protect; Unable or unwilling |
Dates: |
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Institution: | The University of Leeds |
Academic Units: | The University of Leeds > Faculty of Education, Social Sciences and Law (Leeds) > School of Politics & International Studies (POLIS) (Leeds) |
Depositing User: | Symplectic Publications |
Date Deposited: | 28 Jan 2015 13:39 |
Last Modified: | 31 Mar 2021 15:00 |
Published Version: | http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0047117814552144 |
Status: | Published |
Publisher: | SAGE Publications |
Identification Number: | 10.1177/0047117814552144 |
Related URLs: | |
Open Archives Initiative ID (OAI ID): | oai:eprints.whiterose.ac.uk:82443 |