McKeown, JD, Holt, J, Delvenne, J et al. (2 more authors) (2014) Active versus passive maintenance of visual nonverbal memory. Psychonomic Bulletin and Review, 21 (4). pp. 1041-1047. ISSN 1531-5320
Abstract
Forgetting over the short-term has challenged researchers for more than a century, largely because of difficulty in controlling what goes on within the memory retention interval. But the “recent negative probes” procedure offers a valuable paradigm, by examining influences of (presumably) unattended memoranda from prior trials. Here we used a recent probes task to investigate forgetting for visual non-verbal short-term memory. Target stimuli (2 visually presented abstract shapes) on a trial were followed after a retention interval by a probe, and participants indicated whether the probe matched one of the target items. Proactive interference, and hence memory for old trial probes, was observed whereby participants were slowed in rejecting a non-matching probe on the present trial that nevertheless matched a target item on the previous trial (a recent negative probe). The attraction of the paradigm is that, by uncovering proactive influences of past trial probe stimuli, it is argued that active maintenance in memory of those probes is unlikely. In two experiments we recorded such proactive interference of prior trial items over a range of interstimulus (ISI) and intertrial (ITI) intervals (between 1 and 6 seconds respectively). Consistent with a proposed two-process memory conception (the active-passive memory model or APM), actively maintained memories on current trials decayed but passively “maintained,” or unattended, visual memories of stimuli on past trials did not.
Metadata
Item Type: | Article |
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Authors/Creators: |
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Copyright, Publisher and Additional Information: | © 2014, Springer. This is an author produced version of a paper published in Psychonomic Bulletin and Review. Uploaded in accordance with the publisher's self-archiving policy. The final publication is available at Springer via http://dx.doi.org/10.3758/s13423-013-0574-1 |
Keywords: | Visual short-term memory, decay, attention, forgetting, non-verbal memory. |
Dates: |
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Institution: | The University of Leeds |
Academic Units: | The University of Leeds > Faculty of Medicine and Health (Leeds) > School of Psychology (Leeds) |
Depositing User: | Symplectic Publications |
Date Deposited: | 08 Jan 2015 09:18 |
Last Modified: | 19 Jan 2018 06:32 |
Published Version: | http://link.springer.com/article/10.3758/s13423-01... |
Status: | Published |
Publisher: | Springer Verlag (Germany) |
Refereed: | Yes |
Identification Number: | 10.3758/s13423-013-0574-1 |
Related URLs: | |
Open Archives Initiative ID (OAI ID): | oai:eprints.whiterose.ac.uk:81916 |