Ali, H and Tahmassebi, JF (2014) The effects of smoothies on enamel erosion: An in situ study. International Journal of Paediatric Dentistry, 24 (3). 184 - 191. ISSN 0960-7439
Abstract
Objectives: To measure, in vitro, the pH and titratable acidity (TA) of various soft drinks and to assess the erosive effect of smoothies using an in situ model. Method: The in vitro phase of this study included measuring the inherent pH of six different commercially available smoothies, diet coke, and citric acid 0.3% (positive control) using a pH meter. The TA was determined by titration with NaOH. In the second part of the study, an in situ model was used. An upper removable appliance capable of retaining two enamel slabs was constructed and worn by 14 volunteers. The drinks under test were Innocent® strawberries and banana smoothie and citric acid. Volunteers were instructed to dip the appliance in the test solutions extra-orally five times daily for 2 min each time for 21 days. Measurements of enamel loss were made by surface profilometry and microhardness. Results: Diet Coke was found to be the most acidic drink (pH 2.61), whereas Innocent® mangoes and passion fruit smoothie showed to be the least (pH 3.9). With regard to TA, Innocent® blackberries, strawberries, and blackcurrant smoothie had the highest TA requiring 10.8 mol of NaOH to reach pH 7.0, whereas citric acid required only 3.1 mol of NaOH to reach the same pH value. Surface profilometry and microhardness testing revealed that citric acid caused a statistically significantly greater tooth surface loss compared with smoothie after 21-day pH cycling protocol. Conclusion: Smoothies are acidic and have high TA levels. Innocent® strawberries and banana smoothie had an erosive potential to the teeth. However, its erosive effect was significantly less compared with citric acid after 21-day pH cycling protocol using an in situ model.
Metadata
Item Type: | Article |
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Authors/Creators: |
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Copyright, Publisher and Additional Information: | © 2013 BSPD, IAPD and John Wiley & Sons A/S. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd. Uploaded in accordance with the publisher's self-archiving policy. This is the accepted version of the following article: Ali, H and Tahmassebi, JF (2014) The effects of smoothies on enamel erosion: An in situ study. International Journal of Paediatric Dentistry, 24 (3). 184 - 191. ISSN 0960-7439, which has been published in final form at http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/ipd.12058 |
Keywords: | Enamel erosion; smoothies; citric acid; clinical study |
Dates: |
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Institution: | The University of Leeds |
Academic Units: | The University of Leeds > Faculty of Medicine and Health (Leeds) > School of Dentistry (Leeds) > Paediatric Dentistry (Leeds) |
Depositing User: | Symplectic Publications |
Date Deposited: | 22 Oct 2014 07:50 |
Last Modified: | 15 Jan 2018 16:57 |
Published Version: | http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/ipd.12058 |
Status: | Published |
Publisher: | John Wiley & Sons Ltd |
Identification Number: | 10.1111/ipd.12058 |
Open Archives Initiative ID (OAI ID): | oai:eprints.whiterose.ac.uk:80734 |