Sweley, JC, Rose, DJ, Jia, X et al. (2 more authors) (2014) Effect of flake shape on packing characteristics of popped popcorn. Journal of Food Engineering, 127. 75 - 79. ISSN 0260-8774
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to determine to role of flake shape on the packing characteristics of popped popcorn. Unilateral, bilateral, and multilateral popcorn flakes, named for the direction of expansion of the popcorn flake, were digitized and packed into a virtual conical frustum-shaped container using a digital packing algorithm to simulate particle packing. Corresponding laboratory experiments were also conducted. Number of flakes required to fill the container agreed between simulated and laboratory experiments (r = 0.996; p < 0.0001) and ranged from about 340 for 50% bilateral +50% multilateral to >600 for 100% unilateral. Statistical modeling revealed 36.9% bilateral +63.1% multilateral would minimize the number of flakes required to fill the container. Packing fraction varied from ρ = 0.14 for 10% unilateral +75% bilateral +15% multilateral to ρ = 0.28 for 100% unilateral shape. These results offer insights into the packing characteristics of irregularly-shaped materials.
Metadata
Item Type: | Article |
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Authors/Creators: |
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Copyright, Publisher and Additional Information: | © 2014, Elsevier. This is an author produced version of a paper accepted for publication in Journal of Food Engineering. Uploaded in accordance with the publisher's self-archiving policy. NOTICE: this is the author’s version of a work that was accepted for publication in Journal of Food Engineering. Changes resulting from the publishing process, such as peer review, editing, corrections, structural formatting, and other quality control mechanisms may not be reflected in this document. Changes may have been made to this work since it was submitted for publication. A definitive version was subsequently published in Sweley, JC, Rose, DJ, Jia, X, Williams, RA and Jackson, DS (2014) Effect of flake shape on packing characteristics of popped popcorn. Journal of Food Engineering, 127. 75 - 79. |
Keywords: | Irregular; packing fraction; flakes; modeling; simulation |
Dates: |
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Institution: | The University of Leeds |
Academic Units: | The University of Leeds > Faculty of Engineering & Physical Sciences (Leeds) > School of Chemical & Process Engineering (Leeds) > Institute for Particle Science and Engineering (Leeds) |
Depositing User: | Symplectic Publications |
Date Deposited: | 18 Sep 2014 11:34 |
Last Modified: | 12 Apr 2017 20:33 |
Published Version: | http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jfoodeng.2013.11.028 |
Status: | Published |
Publisher: | Elsevier |
Identification Number: | 10.1016/j.jfoodeng.2013.11.028 |
Related URLs: | |
Open Archives Initiative ID (OAI ID): | oai:eprints.whiterose.ac.uk:80411 |