Doyle, PM, Schofield, PF, Berry, AF et al. (2 more authors) (2014) Substitution of Ti3+ and Ti4+ in hibonite (CaAl12O19). American Mineralogist: an international journal of earth and planetary materials, 99 (7). 1369 - 1382 (14). ISSN 0003-004X
Abstract
The structures of eight synthetic samples of hibonite, with variable Ti oxidation state and Ti concentration (2.4–15.9 wt% TiO2) that span the range reported for natural hibonite found in meteorites, were determined by Rietveld refinements of neutron powder diffraction data. Ti3+ was found to exclusively occupy the octahedral face-sharing M4 site irrespective of the presence or absence of Ti4+. Ti4+ partitions between the trigonal bipyramidal M2 site and the M4 site. The ratio (Ti4+ on M2):(Ti4+ on M4) appears to be constant for all the samples, with an average of 0.18(2) irrespective of the concentrations of Ti3+ and Ti4+. These substitutional sites were shown to be the most stable configurations for Ti in hibonite from calculations using density functional theory, although the predicted preference of Ti4+ for M4 over M2 is not as strong as is observed. This is attributed to the different Ti contents of the experimental and calculated structures and suggests that the Ti site occupancies might change between these concentrations. Furthermore, it is shown that Ti has a preference to occupy neighboring M4 sites such that Ti-Ti interactions occur with stabilization energies of 83 kJ/mol for Ti3+-Ti3+ and at least 15 kJ/mol for Ti4+-Ti4+. Features in optical spectroscopy and electron spin resonance data from meteoritic and synthetic hibonites that have been used to infer Ti3+/Ti4+ are shown to actually derive from these Ti-Ti interactions. The amount of Ti4+ in hibonite can be determined from the unit-cell parameters if ∑Ti is determined independently. Ti3+/Ti4+ in hibonite may record the oxygen fugacity (fO2) of the early solar nebula, however, the existence of Ti3+-Ti3+ and Ti4+-Ti4+ interactions and the potential for Ti4+-Ti3+ interactions need to be considered when interpreting spectroscopic data in terms of Ti valence state and fO2. Hibonite as a single-mineral oxybarometer must be used with caution due to the potential role of crystal chemistry (including Ti-Ti interactions) to stabilize Ti oxidation states independently of fO2.
Metadata
Item Type: | Article |
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Authors/Creators: |
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Copyright, Publisher and Additional Information: | (c) 2014, Mineralogical Society of America. This is an author produced version of a paper published in American Mineralogist: an international journal of earth and planetary materials. Uploaded in accordance with the publisher's self-archiving policy. |
Keywords: | Hibonite; titanium substitution; site occupancy; CAI; neutron diffraction; density functional theory; oxygen fugacity |
Dates: |
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Institution: | The University of Leeds |
Academic Units: | The University of Leeds > Faculty of Environment (Leeds) > School of Earth and Environment (Leeds) |
Depositing User: | Symplectic Publications |
Date Deposited: | 14 Jul 2014 10:01 |
Last Modified: | 30 Jul 2015 13:17 |
Published Version: | http://dx.doi.org/10.2138/am.2014.4532 |
Status: | Published |
Publisher: | Mineralogical Society of America |
Identification Number: | 10.2138/am.2014.4532 |
Open Archives Initiative ID (OAI ID): | oai:eprints.whiterose.ac.uk:79652 |