Quinnell, RJ and Courtenay, O (2009) Transmission, reservoir hosts and control of zoonotic visceral leishmaniasis. Parasitology, 136 (14). 1915 - 1934. ISSN 0031-1820
Abstract
Zoonotic visceral leishmaniasis (ZVL) caused by Leishmania infantum is an important disease of humans and dogs. Here we review aspects of the transmission and control of ZVL. Whilst there is clear evidence that ZVL is maintained by sandfly transmission, transmission may also occur by non-sandfly routes, such as congenital and sexual transmission. Dogs are the only confirmed primary reservoir of infection. Meta-analysis of dog studies confirms that infectiousness is higher in symptomatic infection; infectiousness is also higher in European than South American studies. A high prevalence of infection has been reported from an increasing number of domestic and wild mammals; updated host ranges are provided. The crab-eating fox Cerdocyon thous, opossums Didelphis spp., domestic cat Felis cattus, black rat Rattus rattus and humans can infect sandflies, but confirmation of these hosts as primary or secondary reservoirs requires further xenodiagnosis studies at the population level. Thus the putative sylvatic reservoir(s) of ZVL remains unknown. Review of intervention studies examining the effectiveness of current control methods highlights the lack of randomized controlled trials of both dog culling and residual insecticide spraying. Topical insecticides (deltamethrin-impregnated collars and pour-ons) have been shown to provide a high level of individual protection to treated dogs, but further community-level studies are needed.
Metadata
Item Type: | Article |
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Authors/Creators: |
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Copyright, Publisher and Additional Information: | (c) 2009, Cambridge University Press. Reproduced in accordance with the publisher's self-archiving policy. |
Keywords: | Leishmania Infantum; Sandfly; Insecticide; Xenodiagnosis; Domestic Dog; Epidemiology; Phlebotomine Sand Flies; Impregnated Dog Collars; Vector Lutzomyia-Longipalpis; Basic Reproduction Number; Mediterranean Kala-azar; Naturally Infected-Dogs; Foxes Vulpes-Vulpes; Crab-Eating Fox; Canine Leishmaniasis; Infantum Infection |
Dates: |
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Institution: | The University of Leeds |
Academic Units: | The University of Leeds > Faculty of Biological Sciences (Leeds) |
Depositing User: | Symplectic Publications |
Date Deposited: | 22 Jan 2014 10:44 |
Last Modified: | 10 Aug 2017 01:27 |
Published Version: | http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S0031182009991156 |
Status: | Published |
Publisher: | Cambridge University Press |
Identification Number: | 10.1017/S0031182009991156 |
Open Archives Initiative ID (OAI ID): | oai:eprints.whiterose.ac.uk:77514 |