Brooks, IM and Saunders, CPR (1995) Thunderstorm charging: laboratory experiments clarified. Atmospheric Research, 39 (4). 263 - 273. ISSN 0169-8095
Abstract
Further laboratory experiments of thunderstorm charging by ice crystal collisions with riming graupel pellets have led to results that may help account for a major difference between two independent studies reported earlier. The problem concerns values of the cloud liquid water content required to change the sign of graupel charging. The present work has noted and investigated differences in the techniques of cloud nucleation used in the two studies. In one set of measurements by Takahashi, ice crystals are nucleated continuously in a supercooled water droplet cloud, while in the other experiments by Jayaratne et al. and Saunders et al., the droplet cloud is nucleated only briefly. These two nucleation methods lead to differences in the mass of cloud particles collected on a sampling probe used to determine the liquid water content of the cloud. In the continuous nucleation case, the probe collects sufficient numbers of ice crystals to lead to a substantial overestimate of the cloud liquid water content.
Metadata
Item Type: | Article |
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Authors/Creators: |
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Keywords: | ice crystal collision; laboratory experiment; thunderstorm charging |
Dates: |
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Institution: | The University of Leeds |
Academic Units: | The University of Leeds > Faculty of Environment (Leeds) > School of Earth and Environment (Leeds) |
Depositing User: | Symplectic Publications |
Date Deposited: | 15 Jan 2014 10:52 |
Last Modified: | 15 Sep 2014 02:31 |
Published Version: | http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0169-8095(95)00019-4 |
Status: | Published |
Publisher: | Elsevier |
Identification Number: | 10.1016/0169-8095(95)00019-4 |
Open Archives Initiative ID (OAI ID): | oai:eprints.whiterose.ac.uk:77242 |