Norris, SJ, Brooks, IM, Moat, BI et al. (4 more authors) (2013) Near-surface measurements of sea spray aerosol production over whitecaps in the open ocean. Ocean Science, 9 (1). 133 - 145. ISSN 1812-0784
Abstract
Simultaneous measurements of near-surface aerosol (0.12<R <9.25 μm) and bubble spectra (13<R <620 μm) were made during five buoy deployments in the open ocean of the North Atlantic and used to estimate aerosol fluxes per unit area of whitecap. The measurements were made during two cruises as part of the Sea Spray, Gas Flux, and Whitecaps (SEASAW) project, a UK contribution to the international Surface Ocean Lower Atmosphere Study (SOLAS) program. The mean bubble number concentrations for each deployment are in broad agreement with other open ocean spectra and are consistently one to two orders of magnitude lower than surf zone studies. Production fluxes per unit area of whitecap are estimated from the mean aerosol concentration for each buoy deployment. They are found to increase with wind speed, and span the range of values found by previous laboratory and surf-zone studies for particles with radius at 80% relative humidity, R80 <1 μm, but to drop off more rapidly with increasing particle size for larger particles. Estimates of the mean sea spray flux were made by scaling the whitecap production fluxes with in situ estimates of whitecap fraction. The sea spray fluxes are also compared with simultaneous individual eddy covariance flux estimates, and with a sea spray source function derived from them.
Metadata
Item Type: | Article |
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Authors/Creators: |
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Copyright, Publisher and Additional Information: | (c) 2013, Norris, SJ, Brooks, IM, Moat, BI, Yelland, MJ, de Leeuw, G, Pascal, RW and Brooks, B. This is an Open Access article distributed in accordance with the Creative Commons Attribution Non Commercial (CC BY-NC 3.0) license, which permits others to distribute, remix, adapt, build upon this work non-commercially, and license their derivative works on different terms, provided the original work is properly cited and the use is non-commercial. |
Dates: |
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Institution: | The University of Leeds |
Academic Units: | The University of Leeds > Faculty of Environment (Leeds) > School of Earth and Environment (Leeds) |
Depositing User: | Symplectic Publications |
Date Deposited: | 09 Jan 2014 10:31 |
Last Modified: | 29 Mar 2018 08:15 |
Published Version: | http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/os-9-133-2013 |
Status: | Published |
Publisher: | European Geosciences Union |
Identification Number: | 10.5194/os-9-133-2013 |
Related URLs: | |
Open Archives Initiative ID (OAI ID): | oai:eprints.whiterose.ac.uk:77210 |