Farmer, Thomas James orcid.org/0000-0002-1039-7684, MacQuarrie, Duncan James orcid.org/0000-0003-2017-7076, Clark, James Hanley orcid.org/0000-0002-5860-2480 et al. (1 more author) (2013) Using metrics and sustainability considerations to evaluate the use of bio-based and non-renewable Brønsted acidic ionic liquids to catalyse Fischer esterification reactions. Sustainable Chemical Processes. 23. ISSN 2043-7129
Abstract
Background Ionic liquids have found uses in many applications, one of which is the joint solvation and catalysis of chemical transformations. Suitable Brønsted acidic ionic liquids can be formed by combining lactams with sulphonic acids. This work weighs up the relative benefits and disadvantages of applying these Brønsted acidic ionic liquid catalysts in esterifications through a series of comparisons using green chemistry metrics. Results A new bio-based ionic liquid was synthesised from N-methyl pyrrolidinone and p-cymenesulphonic acid, and tested as a catalyst in three Fischer esterifications under different conditions. An evaluation of the performance of this Brønsted acidic ionic liquid was made through the comparison to other ionic liquid catalysts as well as conventional homogeneous Brønsted acids. Conclusion Extending the argument to feedstock security as well as mass utilisation, ultimately in most instances traditional mineral acids appear to be the most sensible option for Brønsted acid esterification catalysts. Ester yields obtained from Brønsted acidic ionic liquid catalysed procedures were modest. This calls into question the diversity of research exploring esterification catalysis and the role of ionic liquids in esterifications.
Metadata
Item Type: | Article |
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Authors/Creators: |
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Copyright, Publisher and Additional Information: | © 2013 Clark et al.; licensee Chemistry Central Ltd. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated. |
Keywords: | Bio-based products,Brønsted acidic ionic liquid,p-Cymenesulphonic acid ,Esterification,Green chemistry,Ionic liquids,Metrics |
Dates: |
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Institution: | The University of York |
Academic Units: | The University of York > Faculty of Sciences (York) > Chemistry (York) |
Depositing User: | Pure (York) |
Date Deposited: | 28 Mar 2014 14:00 |
Last Modified: | 16 Oct 2024 12:21 |
Published Version: | https://doi.org/10.1186/2043-7129-1-23 |
Status: | Published |
Refereed: | Yes |
Identification Number: | 10.1186/2043-7129-1-23 |
Related URLs: | |
Open Archives Initiative ID (OAI ID): | oai:eprints.whiterose.ac.uk:77156 |
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