Rollinson, AN, Jones, J, Dupont, V et al. (1 more author) (2011) Urea as a hydrogen carrier: a perspective on its potential for safe, sustainable and long-term energy supply. Energy and Environmental Science, 4 (4). 1216 - 1224. ISSN 1754-5692
Abstract
Recently, there have been publications reporting the use of urea, as a source of hydrogen/fuel cell power. There have however been no reports that singularly assess the suitability of urea for this purpose. This article provides not only a perspective on the attributes of urea ((NH2) 2CO) as a hydrogen carrier for fuel cells but also presents the findings of a review on the feasibility of utilising the enormous natural resource of urea that exists. Urea is a cheap and widely available commodity with well developed manufacturing infrastructure and a rapidly increasing volume of production. This offers rapid implementation of urea for application as a hydrogen carrier either directly or as a source of ammonia. Compared with other industrial chemicals previously considered, urea has the advantages of being non-toxic, stable, and therefore easy to transport and store. This report reveals that the natural resource of urea could be a solution to long-term future sustainable hydrogen supply and that the present status of scientific knowledge necessary to extract this natural resource is in the most part understood. It is considered realistic that these sustainable routes could be exploited if they are given sufficient focus of research attention.
Metadata
Item Type: | Article |
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Authors/Creators: |
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Copyright, Publisher and Additional Information: | (c) 2011, Royal Society of Chemistry. This is an author produced version of a paper published in Energy and Environmental Science. Uploaded in accordance with the publisher's self-archiving policy. |
Keywords: | Molecular Characterization; Ammonium Cyanate; Fuel-Cells; Oil-Spill; Nitrogen; Urine; Storage; Bioremediation; Transformation; Environment |
Dates: |
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Institution: | The University of Leeds |
Academic Units: | The University of Leeds > Faculty of Engineering & Physical Sciences (Leeds) > School of Chemical & Process Engineering (Leeds) > Energy Research Institute (Leeds) |
Depositing User: | Symplectic Publications |
Date Deposited: | 23 Jul 2013 09:33 |
Last Modified: | 15 Sep 2014 03:14 |
Published Version: | http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c0ee00705f |
Status: | Published |
Publisher: | Royal Society of Chemistry |
Identification Number: | 10.1039/c0ee00705f |
Open Archives Initiative ID (OAI ID): | oai:eprints.whiterose.ac.uk:76057 |