Gloor, M, Gatti, L, Brienen, R et al. (21 more authors) (2012) The carbon balance of South America: A review of the status, decadal trends and main determinants. Biogeosciences, 9 (12). 5407 - 5430 . ISSN 1726-4170
Abstract
We summarise the contemporary carbon budget of South America and relate it to its dominant controls: population and economic growth, changes in land use practices and a changing atmospheric environment and climate. Component flux estimate methods we consider sufficiently reliable for this purpose encompass fossil fuel emission inventories, biometric analysis of old-growth rainforests, estimation of carbon release associated with deforestation based on remote sensing and inventories, and agricultural export data. Alternative methods for the estimation of the continental-scale net land to atmosphere CO2 flux, such as atmospheric transport inverse modelling and terrestrial biosphere model predictions, are, we find, hampered by the data paucity, and improved parameterisation and validation exercises are required before reliable estimates can be obtained. From our analysis of available data, we suggest that South America was a net source to the atmosphere during the 1980s (∼ 0.3-0.4 Pg C a−1) and close to neutral (∼ 0.1 Pg C a−1) in the 1990s. During the latter period, carbon uptake in old-growth forests nearly compensated for the carbon release associated with fossil fuel burning and deforestation. <br><br> Annual mean precipitation over tropical South America as inferred from Amazon River discharge shows a long-term upward trend. Although, over the last decade dry seasons have tended to be drier, with the years 2005 and 2010 in particular experiencing strong droughts. On the other hand, precipitation during the wet seasons also shows an increasing trend. Air temperatures have also increased slightly. Also with increases in atmospheric CO2 concentrations, it is currently unclear what effect these climate changes are having on the forest carbon balance of the region. Current indications are that the forests of the Amazon Basin have acted as a substantial long-term carbon sink, but with the most recent measurements suggesting that this sink may be weakening. Economic development of the tropical regions of the continent is advancing steadily, with exports of agricultural products being an important driver and witnessing a strong upturn over the last decade.
Metadata
Item Type: | Article |
---|---|
Authors/Creators: |
|
Copyright, Publisher and Additional Information: | © Author(s) 2012. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. |
Dates: |
|
Institution: | The University of Leeds, The University of Sheffield |
Academic Units: | The University of Leeds > Faculty of Environment (Leeds) > School of Geography (Leeds) The University of Sheffield > University of Sheffield Research Centres and Institutes > Centre for Terrestrial Carbon Dynamics (Sheffield) |
Depositing User: | Symplectic Publications |
Date Deposited: | 03 Apr 2013 13:39 |
Last Modified: | 25 Oct 2016 08:23 |
Published Version: | http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/bg-9-5407-2012 |
Status: | Published |
Publisher: | European Geosciences Union |
Refereed: | Yes |
Identification Number: | 10.5194/bg-9-5407-2012 |
Open Archives Initiative ID (OAI ID): | oai:eprints.whiterose.ac.uk:75361 |