Marriott, H. M., Ali, F., Read, R. C. et al. (3 more authors) (2004) Nitric oxide levels regulate macrophage commitment to apoptosis or necrosis during pneumococcal infection. FASEB journal : official publication of the Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology, 18 (10). pp. 1126-1154. ISSN 1530-6860
Abstract
Macrophages are resistant to constitutive apoptosis, but infectious stimuli can induce either microbial or host-mediated macrophage apoptosis. Phagocytosis and killing of opsonized pneumococci by macrophages are potent stimuli for host-mediated apoptosis, but the link between pneumococcal killing and apoptosis induction remains undefined. We now show phagocytosis of pneumococci by differentiated human monocyte-derived macrophages (MDM) results in up-regulation of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and increased production of NO and reactive nitrogen species. NO accumulation in macrophages initiates an apoptotic program that involves NO-dependent mitochondrial membrane permeabilization, Mcl-1 down-regulation, and caspase activation and results in nuclear condensation and fragmentation. An inhibitor of mitochondrial permeability transition, bongkrekic acid, decreases pneumococcal-associated macrophage apoptosis. Conversely, inhibition of NO production using iNOS inhibitors decreases bacterial killing and shifts the cell death program from apoptosis to necrosis. Pneumolysin contributes to both NO production and apoptosis induction. After initial microbial killing, NO accumulation switches the macrophage phenotype from an activated cell to a cell susceptible to apoptosis. These results illustrate important roles for NO in the integration of host defense and regulation of inflammation in human macrophages.
Metadata
Item Type: | Article |
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Authors/Creators: |
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Dates: |
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Institution: | The University of Sheffield |
Academic Units: | The University of Sheffield > Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health (Sheffield) > The Medical School (Sheffield) |
Depositing User: | Miss Anthea Tucker |
Date Deposited: | 29 Mar 2012 09:47 |
Last Modified: | 29 Mar 2012 09:47 |
Published Version: | http://dx.doi.org/10.1096/fj.03-1450fje |
Status: | Published |
Publisher: | Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology |
Identification Number: | 10.1096/fj.03-1450fje |
Related URLs: | |
Open Archives Initiative ID (OAI ID): | oai:eprints.whiterose.ac.uk:43815 |