Mara, D and Sleigh, A (2010) Estimation of norovirus and Ascaris infection risks to urban farmers in developing countries using wastewater for crop irrigation. Journal of Water and Health, 8 (3). 572 - 576 . ISSN 1477-8920
Abstract
A quantitative microbial risk analysis-Monte Carlo method was used to estimate norovirus and Ascaris infection risks to urban farmers in developing countries watering their crops with wastewater. For a tolerable additional disease burden of <or=10(-4) DALY loss per person per year (pppy), equivalent to 1 percent of the diarrhoeal disease burden in developing countries, a norovirus reduction of 1-2 log units and an Ascaris egg reduction to 10-100 eggs per litre are required. These are easily achieved by minimal wastewater treatment-for example, a sequential batch-fed three tank/pond system. Hygiene improvement through education and regular deworming are essential complementary inputs to protect the health of urban farmers.
Metadata
Item Type: | Article |
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Authors/Creators: |
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Copyright, Publisher and Additional Information: | ©IWA Publishing 2010. Uploaded in accordance with the publisher's self-archiving policy. The definitive peer-reviewed and edited version of this article is published in Journal of Water and Health Volume 8, issue 3, 572-576, 2010, 10.2166/wh.2010.097 and is available at www.iwapublishing.com. |
Keywords: | Agricultural Workers' Diseases, Ascariasis, Caliciviridae Infections, Developing Countries, Humans, Monte Carlo Method, Norovirus, Risk Assessment, Risk Factors, Urban Population, Waste Disposal, Fluid, Water, Water Microbiology |
Dates: |
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Institution: | The University of Leeds |
Academic Units: | The University of Leeds > Faculty of Engineering & Physical Sciences (Leeds) > School of Civil Engineering (Leeds) |
Depositing User: | Symplectic Publications |
Date Deposited: | 17 Nov 2011 15:54 |
Last Modified: | 17 Apr 2017 00:00 |
Published Version: | http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wh.2010.097 |
Status: | Published |
Publisher: | IWA Publishing |
Identification Number: | 10.2166/wh.2010.097 |
Open Archives Initiative ID (OAI ID): | oai:eprints.whiterose.ac.uk:43433 |