GBV-SQL: Guided Generation and SQL2Text Back-translation validation for multi-agent Text2SQL

While Large Language Models have significantly advanced Text2SQL generation, a critical semantic gap persists: syntactically valid queries can still misinterpret user intent. To mitigate this challenge, we propose GBV-SQL, a multi-agent framework that introduces Guided Generation with SQL2Text Back-translation Validation. In particular, a dedicated validator translates generated SQL back into natural language and checks whether its logic is aligned with the original question. Beyond the method itself, we also conduct a systematic audit of benchmark quality and introduce a typology of “Gold Errors” in Text2SQL datasets. Our analysis shows that benchmark issues can coexist with strong execution accuracy and can substantially affect evaluation outcomes. On the challenging BIRD benchmark, GBV-SQL achieves 63.23% execution accuracy, a 5.8% absolute improvement over the Deepseek-v3-based MAC-SQL setting. Under manually audited benchmark corrections, GBV-SQL reaches 96.5% (dev) and 97.6% (test) on Spider, and 90.42% on repaired BIRD dev, providing a diagnostic view of model behavior under improved gold quality. Our work contributes both a practical framework for semantic validation and an empirical analysis of benchmark integrity in Text2SQL evaluation.