Notch signalling governs human enteric nervous system progenitor dynamics

The enteric nervous system (ENS) is the main branch of the peripheral nervous system that innervates the gastrointestinal tract controlling vital functions. It arises during embryogenesis via migration, proliferation and differentiation of neural crest-derived ENS progenitors. Perturbation of these processes, caused by mutations in key signalling pathway components and transcription factors, prevents progenitor colonisation of the distal gut causing aganglionic phenotypes and enteric neuropathies such as Hirschsprung (HSCR) disease. While animal models implicate Notch signalling in ENS specification, its role in human ENS progenitor cell fate decisions remains unclear. Here, we employ a human pluripotent stem cell-based model to show that Notch signalling is a key regulator of human ENS progenitor dynamics. Quantitative modelling of our in vitro data indicates that Notch inhibition accelerates progenitor differentiation without substantially altering neuronal versus glial lineage bias. Furthermore, we establish that Notch signalling controls human ENS progenitor migration by influencing migration velocity and directionality. Together, these findings provide mechanistic insights into how Notch signalling disruption may contribute to the pathogenesis of human intestinal aganglionosis.