CCDC149: a novel gene associated with hypopituitarism and neurodevelopmental impairment

Objective & Design

Congenital Hypopituitarism (CH) is a complex developmental disorder characterized by variable pituitary dysfunction that is often associated with midline structural abnormalities that affect the brain, eyes and face. To date, only ∼10%-15% of patients have an underlying molecular basis.

Methods

Next generation sequencing was conducted on a subset of CH patients with no known genetic aetiology. Human embryonic brain tissue sections were used to generate an expression profile, and a knock-out mouse model was generated using CRISPR-Cas9 gene editing and phenotypically analysed.

Results

Two novel homozygous frameshifts in CCDC149, p.Gly278* and p.Leu222*, were identified in two unrelated CH pedigrees (three patients), respectively. Patient phenotypes included growth hormone deficiency (GHD), hypogonadotropic hypogonadism, and developmental delay/autism. Severe scoliosis was present in one pedigree, with a small anterior pituitary on MRI in the other. Human embryonic CCDC149 was localized to the developing hypothalamo-pituitary region at Carnegie stages 16-23, and Ccdc149-null mice recapitulated patient phenotypes, including growth impairment and reduced fertility compared with wild-type littermates.

Conclusions

Our study is the first to report CCDC149 variants in association with CH. Previous studies in C.elegans report CCDC149 orthologue expression in the basal bodies of ciliated neurons, supporting the possibility of impaired ciliary function as an underlying mechanism in this complex disorder.