Performance campaign of a chemical absorption pilot plant treating high CO2 content industrial process emissions

Decarbonisation of critical hard-to-abate industrial sectors such as the iron and steel industry is crucial for meeting climate targets, with chemical absorption carbon capture identified as a key transitional technology. However, its application is hindered by a significant knowledge gap: the absence of publicly available and transparent performance benchmarks using conventional capture systems under elevated CO<inf>2</inf> conditions that are representative of industrial process emissions. An experimental performance campaign was conducted on the chemical absorption pilot plant at the Energy Innovation Centre (EIC) in Sheffield, UK. The study established a novel performance baseline across a wide operating envelope for flue gas concentrations ranging from 10 to 25 mol.% CO<inf>2</inf>, achieving 90% capture efficiency using a 35 wt.% monoethanolamine (MEA) solvent. In addition, a methodology was developed to quantify solvent regeneration energy and its constituent components, complementing a system energy balance for each capture condition. The results provided experimentally validated insight into the relationship between operating conditions, capture performance, and energy demand at elevated CO<inf>2</inf> concentrations. The dataset established a robust baseline for conventional packed-bed systems and improved understanding of regeneration energy contributions under industrially relevant conditions. These findings are scalable for application to the design, operation and optimisation of chemical absorption systems in heavy industries and provide a reliable benchmark for future work on advanced solvents, process intensification and scale-up to commercial deployment.