SERS 传感器在粮食真菌毒素 检测中应用的研究进展 / Research Progress of Surface-enhanced Raman Spectroscopy (SERS) Sensors in the Detection of Mycotoxins in Grains

粮食中真菌毒素的污染普遍存在，且常表现为多种真菌毒素的混合污染。基于表面增强拉曼光谱（Surfaceenhanced Raman Spectroscopy，SERS）技术的传感方法已被广泛应用于真菌毒素的检测研究。本文首先系统性地 综述了基于溶液反应体系的 SERS 传感器在单一真菌毒素和多种真菌毒素检测中的研究和应用进展，指出纳米间 隙构建、磁性探针富集、内标校正及酶循环放大策略是实现 SERS 传感器检测性能提升的有效途径。其次，详细 阐述了基于免疫层析试纸的 SERS 传感器在真菌毒素快速检测研究中的进展，并分别阐释了双金属纳米材料、磁 性复合纳米材料及三维膜状纳米材料在多重检测、抗基质干扰及信号稳定性方面的技术优势和最新进展。最后指 出了制备拉曼信号强、性能稳定、重复性良好、成本低廉的 SERS 增强基底和降低样本基质干扰是解决 SERS 传感 器实用性的技术关键，明确了 SERS 传感器标准化、智能化及多场景集成应用的发展趋势，为真菌毒素 SERS 传感 器的研发和应用提供借鉴和参考。

Mycotoxin contamination in cereal grains is a widespread problem, predominantly characterized by the co-occurrence of multiple mycotoxins. The sensing detection method based on surface-enhanced raman spectroscopy (SERS) technology has been widely proposed in the research of mycotoxin detection. In this review, the recent advancements of solution-phase SERS sensors for both individual and multiplexed mycotoxin detection are systematically analyzed, and pointed out that the construction of nano-gap structures, magnetic probe enrichment, internal standard correction, and enzyme cycle amplification strategies are effective approaches to enhance the detection performance of SERS sensors. The research advance of SERS sensors based on lateral flow immunoassay for rapid on-site detection of mycotoxins is elaborated, and the advantages and latest developments of bimetallic nanoprobes, magnetic composite nanomaterials and three-dimensional membrane-like nanomaterials in multiple detection, anti-matrix interference and signal stability are respectively explained. Finally, it is pointed out that the preparation of SERS substrates with strong Raman signals, stable performance, good repeatability, and low cost, as well as the reduction of sample matrix interference, are the key technical issues to solve the practicality of SERS sensors. The development trends of SERS sensors towards standardization, intelligence, and multi-scenario integrated application are clarified, providing reference and guidance for the research and application of SERS sensors for mycotoxins.