Davis, R.I., Burns, A., Bril, R.J. et al. (1 more author) (2007) Controller Area Network (CAN) schedulability analysis: Refuted, revisited and revised. Real-Time Systems, 35 (3). pp. 239-272. ISSN 1573-1383
Abstract
Controller Area Network (CAN) is used extensively in automotive applications, with in excess of 400 million CAN enabled microcontrollers manufactured each year. In 1994 schedulability analysis was developed for CAN, showing how worst-case response times of CAN messages could be calculated and hence guarantees provided that message response times would not exceed their deadlines. This seminal research has been cited in over 200 subsequent papers and transferred to industry in the form of commercial CAN schedulability analysis tools. These tools have been used by a large number of major automotive manufacturers in the design of in-vehicle networks for a wide range of cars, millions of which have been manufactured during the last decade. This paper shows that the original schedulability analysis given for CAN messages is flawed. It may provide guarantees for messages that will in fact miss their deadlines in the worst-case. This paper provides revised analysis resolving the problems with the original approach. Further, it highlights that the priority assignment policy, previously claimed to be optimal for CAN, is not in fact optimal and cites a method of obtaining an optimal priority ordering that is applicable to CAN. The paper discusses the possible impact on commercial CAN systems designed and developed using flawed schedulability analysis and makes recommendations for the revision of CAN schedulability analysis tools.
Metadata
Item Type: | Article |
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Authors/Creators: |
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Copyright, Publisher and Additional Information: | © 2007 Springer. This work is openly available as part of Spinger Open Choice. http://www.springerlink.com/content/8n32720737877071 |
Keywords: | Controller Area Network (CAN), fixed priority scheduling, non-pre-emptive scheduling, schedulability analysis, response time analysis, priority assignment policies |
Dates: |
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Institution: | The University of York |
Academic Units: | The University of York > Faculty of Sciences (York) > Computer Science (York) |
Depositing User: | Repository Officer |
Date Deposited: | 08 May 2007 |
Last Modified: | 05 Aug 2007 18:46 |
Published Version: | http://www.springerlink.com/content/8n327207378770... |
Status: | Published |
Publisher: | Springer Netherlands |
Refereed: | Yes |
Identification Number: | 10.1007/s11241-007-9012-7 |
Open Archives Initiative ID (OAI ID): | oai:eprints.whiterose.ac.uk:2423 |