Empowering Women in STEM Leadership: Overcoming Challenges in the Middle East and North Africa’s Pharmaceutical Sector

This study investigates the barriers and enablers of women’s leadership in the MENA pharmaceutical sector, examining how structural constraints, institutional support, and individual agency shape career trajectories. Using an intersectional sensibility, we showcase the lived experiences of women in science-driven corporate environments. A qualitative, multi-case study approach was conducted through in-depth interviews with twenty-one female leaders in pharmaceutical organizations across MENA. Thematic analysis identified patterns in institutional policies, organizational culture, and leadership strategies. While gender norms restrict women’s leadership opportunities, emerging policy reforms, mentorship networks, and shifting organizational dynamics create pathways for inclusion. Successful women leaders leverage social capital, navigate patriarchal resistance, and utilize organizational support mechanisms. Findings inform pharmaceutical firms and policymakers on promoting inclusive leadership, revising institutional policies, and strengthening mentorship networks. Highlighting successful strategies challenges restrictive norms and supports broader gender equity initiatives in MENA workplaces. This study is the first to examine women’s leadership in the MENA pharmaceutical sector, offering new contextually grounded empirical and conceptual contributions.