Ganguly, P. orcid.org/0000-0003-1042-5910 (2024) Organoids and 3D In Vitro Models as a Platform for Precision Medicine (PM): An Update. Organoids, 3 (3). pp. 165-173. ISSN: 2674-1172
Abstract
Globally, a number of diseases impact us and while treatment options exist, it is often found that similar treatments have variable effects on different patients with the same disease. Particularly in the case of conditions that are closely associated with genetics (like cancer), the intensity and results of a treatment vary between patients. Even for diseases like arthritis it is not uncommon for only a fraction of patients to achieve remission with the same therapeutic approach. With millions suffering from diseases like cancer and arthritis, precision medicine (PM) has been at the forefront of biomedical and pharmaceutical research since 2015. PM focusses on understanding the genetic and environmental factors affecting the patients and has several platforms. One of the platforms is the use of three-dimensional (3D) in vitro models, especially those derived from the patient themselves. These models, like organ-on-chip (OOC), organoid and spheroid models, 3D biomaterial scaffolds and others, have several advantages over traditional two-dimensional (2D) cell culture approaches. In this opinion paper, the author briefly discusses the different platforms used for PM. Then, the advantages that 3D in vitro models have over traditional 2D models and in vivo models are considered and an overview of their applications is provided. Finally, the author outlines the challenges and future directions and shares their opinion about using 3D in vitro models as a tool for PM towards enhanced patient outcomes.
Metadata
| Item Type: | Article |
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| Authors/Creators: |
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| Copyright, Publisher and Additional Information: | © 2024 by the author. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https:// creativecommons.org/licenses/by/ 4.0/). |
| Keywords: | organoids; 3D cell culture; precision medicine; in vitro modelling; disease modelling |
| Dates: |
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| Institution: | The University of Leeds |
| Academic Units: | The University of Leeds > Faculty of Medicine and Health (Leeds) > School of Medicine (Leeds) |
| Date Deposited: | 29 Oct 2025 12:00 |
| Last Modified: | 29 Oct 2025 12:00 |
| Published Version: | https://www.mdpi.com/2674-1172/3/3/11 |
| Status: | Published |
| Publisher: | MDPI |
| Identification Number: | 10.3390/organoids3030011 |
| Related URLs: | |
| Sustainable Development Goals: | |
| Open Archives Initiative ID (OAI ID): | oai:eprints.whiterose.ac.uk:233684 |


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