Deshmukh, N.C., Mhaske, S.S., Chandra, L.S. et al. (3 more authors) (2026) Bias in recruitment systems utilizing large language models. In: ICAAI '25: Proceedings of the 2025 9th International Conference on Advances in Artificial Intelligence. ICAAI 2025: 2025 9th International Conference on Advances in Artificial Intelligence, 14-16 Nov 2025, Manchester, UK. . Association for Computing Machinery (ACM), pp. 126-131. ISBN: 9798400721045.
Abstract
AI-powered recruitment systems are becoming increasingly common, offering greater efficiency in hiring processes. However, these systems may unintentionally perpetuate biases, leading to unfair hiring decisions. This study investigates various types of biases such as gender, racial, and age in recruitment systems using several large language models (LLMs) including BERT, GPT-2, and GPT-Neo. Bias in AI-driven recruitment models is assessed using the Word Embedding Association Test (WEAT) metric. The experimental results reveal varying levels of bias across LLMs and significant biases in gender and racial associations, highlighting potential disparities in AI-driven hiring recommendations. To this end, this paper underscores the need for bias mitigation strategies in AI-based recruitment tools and advocates for transparent and equitable hiring practices. The source code is publicly available at https://github.com/soujanyaachandra/Recruitment_Bias_Analysis.
Metadata
| Item Type: | Proceedings Paper |
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| Authors/Creators: |
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| Copyright, Publisher and Additional Information: | © 2025 Copyright held by the owner/author(s). This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) |
| Keywords: | bias; fairness; large language model; recruitment systems |
| Dates: |
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| Institution: | The University of Sheffield |
| Academic Units: | The University of Sheffield > Faculty of Social Sciences (Sheffield) > Information School (Sheffield) The University of Sheffield > Faculty of Social Sciences (Sheffield) > Department of Journalism Studies (Sheffield) The University of Sheffield > Faculty of Social Sciences (Sheffield) > School of Information, Journalism and Communication |
| Date Deposited: | 05 Nov 2025 16:03 |
| Last Modified: | 27 Apr 2026 08:50 |
| Status: | Published |
| Publisher: | Association for Computing Machinery (ACM) |
| Refereed: | Yes |
| Identification Number: | 10.1145/3787279.3787300 |
| Related URLs: | |
| Open Archives Initiative ID (OAI ID): | oai:eprints.whiterose.ac.uk:233526 |
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Filename: 3787279.3787300.pdf
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