Combined annual modulation dark matter search with COSINE-100 and ANAIS-112

Abstract

The annual modulation signal, claimed to be consistent with dark matter as observed by DAMA/LIBRA in a sodium-iodide based detector, has persisted for over two decades. COSINE-100 and ANAIS-112 were designed to test the claim directly using the same target material. COSINE-100, located at Yangyang Underground Laboratory in South Korea, and ANAIS-112, located at Canfranc Underground Laboratory in Spain, have been taking data since 2016 and 2017, respectively. Each experiment published its respective results independently. In this Letter, we present the results of an annual modulation search as a test of the signal observed by DAMA/LIBRA with the first three respective years of data from COSINE-100 and ANAIS-112. Using a Markov Chain Monte Carlo method, we find best fit values for modulation amplitude of -0.0002±0.0026 cpd/kg/keV in the 1-6 keV and 0.0021±0.0028 cpd/kg/keV in the 2-6 keV energy regions. These results are not compatible with DAMA/LIBRA's assertion for their observation of annual modulation at 3.7σ and 2.6σ, respectively. Performing a simple combination of the newly released 6-year datasets from both experiments finds values consistent with no modulation at 0.0005±0.0019 cpd/kg/keV in the 1-6 keV and 0.0027±0.0021 cpd/kg/keV in the 2-6 keV energy regions with 4.7σ and 3.5σ respective exclusions of the DAMA/LIBRA signal.

Metadata

Item Type:	Article
Authors/Creators:	Carlin, N. Cho, J.Y. Choi, J.J. Choi, S. Ezeribe, A.C. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1604-2304 França, L.E. Ha, C. Hahn, I.S. Hollick, S.J. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7728-7597 Hong, S.B. Jeon, E.J. Joo, H.W. Kang, W.G. Kauer, M. Kim, B.H. Kim, H.J. Kim, J. Kim, K.W. Kim, S.H. Kim, S.K. Kim, W.K. Kim, Y.D. Kim, Y.H. Ko, Y.J. Lee, D.H. Lee, E.K. Lee, H. Lee, H.S. Lee, H.Y. Lee, I.S. Lee, J. Lee, J.Y. Lee, M.H. Lee, S.H. Lee, S.M. Lee, Y.J. Leonard, D.S. Luan, N.T. Machado, V.H.A. Manzato, B.B. Maruyama, R.H. Neal, R.J. Olsen, S.L. Park, H.K. Park, H.S. Park, J.C. Park, J.S. Park, K.S. Park, K. Park, S.D. Pitta, R.L.C. Prihtiadi, H. Ra, S.J. Rott, C. Shin, K.A. Cavalcante, D.F.F.S. Son, M.K. Spooner, N.J.C. Truc, L.T. Yang, L. Yu, G.H. Amaré, J. Apilluelo, J. Cebrián, S. Cintas, D. Coarasa, I. García, E. Martínez, M. Ortigoza, Y. Ortiz de Solórzano, A. Pardo, T. Puimedón, J. Sarsa, M.L. Seoane, C.
Copyright, Publisher and Additional Information:	© 2025 The Authors. Except as otherwise noted, this author-accepted version of a journal article published in Physical Review Letters is made available via the University of Sheffield Research Publications and Copyright Policy under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (CC-BY 4.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
Keywords:	COSINE-100 Collaboration; ANAIS-112 Collaboration
Dates:	Submitted: 16 April 2025 Accepted: 25 July 2025 Published (online): 17 September 2025 Published: 19 September 2025
Institution:	The University of Sheffield
Academic Units:	The University of Sheffield > Faculty of Science (Sheffield) > School of Mathematical and Physical Sciences
Funding Information:	Funder Grant number SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY FACILITIES COUNCIL ST/K001337/1 Science and Technology Facilities Council ST/N000277/1
Date Deposited:	15 Oct 2025 11:32
Last Modified:	15 Oct 2025 11:32
Status:	Published
Publisher:	American Physical Society (APS)
Refereed:	Yes
Identification Number:	10.1103/9j7w-qp1c
Related URLs:	PubMed URL Dataset arXiv URL
Open Archives Initiative ID (OAI ID):	oai:eprints.whiterose.ac.uk:233091