A narrative review of childhood neglect and its association with eating disorders

Childhood neglect’s intricate relationship with eating disorders (EDs) is a topic of growing significance. This review consolidates findings from 16 studies of varying designs to investigate the relationship between neglect and ED development. This narrative review explored the differential impacts of neglect types on distinct types of EDs. A literature search was conducted on Anorexia Nervosa (AN), Bulimia Nervosa (BN) and Binge Eating Disorder (BED), in relation to physical neglect (PN) and emotional neglect (EN). Sixteen papers met inclusion criteria and were included in this narrative review. Bias and quality were assessed using the Quality Assurance Checklist. Findings suggested that AN was associated most frequently with PN, affecting women more profoundly. This relationship may stem from PN’s role in early deprivation and malnourishment, commonly associated with AN. EN, on the other hand, was more frequently associated with BN. Studies suggested that EN contributes to the development of BN via processes that contribute to emotional dysregulation. Findings relating to BED were more complex, with both PN and EN influencing various cases. Some studies indicated that food addiction, primarily associated with PN, may result from neglectful parenting, leading to emotional eating. Conversely, EN emerged as a significant factor among clinically obese (according to BMI standards) BED patients, affecting their ability to manage emotions. Limitations amongst studies relating to BED included focusing on a subset of clinically obese/bariatric patients and poor tracking of subjects for longitudinal studies. Future research avenues should focus on causality, factors exacerbating these relationships, and the effectiveness of different therapeutic interventions. There is a need for comprehensive research, especially among natal males, to unveil the complex dynamics between childhood neglect and EDs. A clearer understanding of these relationships can empower stakeholders and clinicians to formulate effective prevention and intervention strategies, ultimately improving the well-being of individuals with EDs.