Smith, R.E., Michno, B.J., Christena, R.L. et al. (9 more authors) (2025) Enterococcal cell wall remodelling underpins pathogenesis via the release of the Enteroccocal Polysaccharide Antigen (EPA). PLoS Pathogens, 21 (6). e1012771. ISSN 1553-7366
Abstract
Enterococci are opportunistic pathogens displaying a characteristic ovoid shape, typically forming pairs of cells (diplococci) and short chains. Control of cell chain length in Enterococcus faecalis relies on the activity of the major N-acetylglucosaminidase AtlA. The formation of short chains and diplococci is critical during pathogenesis for dissemination in the host and to limit recognition by innate immune effectors such as complement molecules and phagocytes. Here, we identify AtlE, an N-acetylmuramidase that contributes to septum cleavage during stationary phase in the absence of AtlA. AtlE is encoded by the locus required to produce the decoration subunits of the Enterococcal Polysaccharide Antigen (EPA), which mediate evasion of phagocytosis. We show that peptidoglycan hydrolysis by AtlE is essential for pathogenesis and demonstrate that soluble cell wall fragments containing EPA decorations increase the virulence of E. faecalis, suggesting that EPA plays a role as a decoy molecule to evade host defences. This research sheds light on the complex interplay between bacterial cell division, cell wall remodelling, and the host immune system, providing valuable insights into a novel mechanism underlying the virulence of E. faecalis.
Metadata
Item Type: | Article |
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Authors/Creators: |
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Editors: |
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Copyright, Publisher and Additional Information: | © 2025 Smith et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. |
Keywords: | Microbiology; Medical Microbiology; Biomedical and Clinical Sciences; Biological Sciences; Infectious Diseases; Emerging Infectious Diseases; Biodefense; Normal biological development and functioning; Infection |
Dates: |
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Institution: | The University of Sheffield |
Academic Units: | The University of Sheffield > Faculty of Science (Sheffield) > School of Biosciences (Sheffield) |
Depositing User: | Symplectic Sheffield |
Date Deposited: | 02 Jul 2025 09:46 |
Last Modified: | 02 Jul 2025 09:46 |
Status: | Published |
Publisher: | Public Library of Science (PLoS) |
Refereed: | Yes |
Identification Number: | 10.1371/journal.ppat.1012771 |
Related URLs: | |
Open Archives Initiative ID (OAI ID): | oai:eprints.whiterose.ac.uk:228615 |