Simpson, M. orcid.org/0000-0002-2555-6019 and Hansen, S. (2025) Exaggerated claims for carbon dioxide and other ‘greenhouse gases’. Journal of Sustainable Development, 18 (4). pp. 25-46. ISSN 1913-9063
Abstract
Carbon dioxide (CO2) is a harmless highly beneficial rare trace gas essential for all life on Earth due to photosynthesis which produces simple sugars and carbohydrates in plants and a bi-product Oxygen (O2) which is essential for all animal life. CO2 is the basis of the entire food supply chain. CO2 has been vilified as a ‘greenhouse gas’ and is thought to be responsible for ‘global warming’. Yet CO2 is a weak greenhouse gas and cannot be responsible for ‘dangerous’ heating of the planet. It is claimed the greenhouse effect will be multiplied by a simultaneous increase in atmospheric water vapour content. Water vapour is the most significant greenhouse gas in the atmosphere. However, the claimed increase has not been seen and we can expect much less warming. This research explains that the exaggerated claims about CO2, methane (CH4) and nitrous oxide (N2O) are misleading. These gases have a limited effect on temperature and the climate. Increases in these gases will have a decreasing effect, since absorption of radiation is logarithmic. We provide a parts per million by volume (ppmv) calculator for amounts of CO2, and parts per billion (ppbv) calculator for amounts of CH4, and N2O. About half of the yearly emitted CO2 is lost to the ocean and biosphere and does not appear in the atmosphere. There is considerable uncertainty about whether the small increases in concentration of CH4 and N2O are human-caused or natural.
Metadata
Item Type: | Article |
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Authors/Creators: |
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Copyright, Publisher and Additional Information: | © The authors. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
Keywords: | water vapour; carbon dioxide; methane; nitrous oxide; greenhouse gases |
Dates: |
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Institution: | The University of Sheffield |
Academic Units: | The University of Sheffield > Faculty of Social Sciences (Sheffield) > Management School (Sheffield) |
Depositing User: | Symplectic Sheffield |
Date Deposited: | 01 Jul 2025 14:27 |
Last Modified: | 01 Jul 2025 14:27 |
Status: | Published |
Publisher: | Canadian Center of Science and Education |
Refereed: | Yes |
Identification Number: | 10.5539/jsd.v18n4p25 |
Sustainable Development Goals: | |
Open Archives Initiative ID (OAI ID): | oai:eprints.whiterose.ac.uk:228604 |