Do non-UN peacekeeping operations work in conjunction with UN peacekeeping troops to reduce civilian casualties?

During the last 30 years, UN peacekeeping operations (PKOs) have been increasingly deployed in partnership with non-UN PKOs, the latter being supported by regional and international organizations or single states. Those partnerships are a response to more limited UN PKO deployments and the enhanced need for peacekeeping in conflict-plagued Africa. There is evidence that such partnerships may provide more successful peacekeeping outcomes, including curbing the number of battlefield casualties. Our purpose is to provide an analysis of other effectiveness aspects of these joint operations. In particular, we find that such partnerships augment the effectiveness of UN troops in limiting one-sided violence (OSV) against civilians by government. The article also distinguishes the relative effectiveness of non-UN regional vs. non-UN international PKOs in curbing OSV against civilians when paired with a UN PKO. The role played by the quality of non-UN troops in limiting OSV is also examined.