Cyperus rotundus mediated green synthesis of silver nanoparticles for antibacterial wound dressing applications

Wound healing is a complex biological process that can be hindered by persistent infections and inflammation, especially in the presence of multidrug-resistant (MDR) bacteria. Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) have demonstrated significant antimicrobial efficacy; however, concerns regarding their toxicity have limited their therapeutic application. Methods: In this study, we developed a biocompatible Ag-NPs-based hydrogel using Cyperus rotundus extract via a green synthesis approach for prospective wound healing applications. The synthesized AgNPs were characterized for their physicochemical properties, confirming their stability and antibacterial potency against E. coli and S. epidermidis. The Ag-NPs-loaded hydrogel was formulated using Carbopol 974P and evaluated for its physicochemical properties, antibacterial activity, anti-inflammatory potential, and cytotoxicity. Results: Characterization studies confirmed the successful synthesis of AgNPs, exhibiting potent antibacterial, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory properties. The Ag-NPs-loaded hydrogel demonstrated significant wound contraction in an excision wound model, comparable to standard treatment. Additionally, in vitro safety evaluations confirmed excellent biocompatibility, minimizing toxicity concerns associated with conventional silver formulations. Conclusions: These findings suggest that the developed Ag-NPs-based hydrogel is an effective, natural, and safer alternative for advanced wound care, warranting further clinical validation.