Recent Forest Loss in the Brazilian Amazon Causes Substantial Reductions in Dry Season Precipitation

The Amazon has experienced extensive deforestation in recent decades, causing substantial impacts on local and regional climate. However, the precipitation response to this recent forest cover change remains unclear. Here, we examined biophysical effects of forest cover change in the Brazilian Amazon on dry season precipitation using a regional coupled climate model with embedded water vapor tracers. We find that the 3.2% mean reduction in forest cover that occurred in Rondônia and Mato Grosso during 2002–2015 caused a 3.5 ± 0.8% reduction in evapotranspiration and a 5.4 ± 4.4% reduction in precipitation. The reduction in evapotranspiration warmed and dried the lower atmosphere reducing convection and precipitation. Reductions in incoming moisture, dominated by reduced moisture inflow in the mid-troposphere, accounted for 25% of the total reduction in moisture and amplified the precipitation response to forest loss. The reduction in precipitation efficiency explains 84.5% of the reduction in precipitation with the remainder due to reductions in precipitable water. The reduced precipitation sourced from water vapor inflow accounts for 76.9% of the simulated precipitation reduction, with the remaining 23.1% due to reduced local evapotranspiration. Our study demonstrates substantial reductions in dry season precipitation due to recent forest cover change in the Amazon, highlighting the importance of atmospheric responses to land cover change in this region.