This paper is different in that it provides a review of time multipliers in contrast to the much more common reviews of monetary values. There are a number of attractions of analysing what are essentially within-study valuations of the time related attributes expressed in equivalent units of in-vehicle time rather than deducing the multipliers from analysis of more disparate monetary valuations. The paper provides the most comprehensive review of time multiplier evidence yet conducted, covering 12 attributes on a European wide scale. It assembles 1389 multipliers drawn from 244 studies covering 18 European countries and estimates a model to explain variations in these multipliers as a function of a large number of candidate explanatory variables. The multipliers considered are walk and wait time, access to public transport and waiting at interchange locations, time spent searching for a parking space and in congested traffic conditions, departure time shift, headway, schedule delay early and late, the standard deviation of travel time and late time. The main influences on the time multipliers are journey distance, mode and journey purpose. Whilst the author observes quite appreciable but plausible variations in some multipliers across contexts, the variation is less than is observed in reviews of monetary valuations. The results seem to be transferable across Europe and will provide a valuable resource, not least in allowing money values of a range of attributes to be deduced from the more widely available money values of in-vehicle time.
CORE (COnnecting REpositories)
CORE (COnnecting REpositories)