A systematic review and quality assessment of pharmacoeconomic publications for China compared to internationally: is the quality of evidence-base sufficient for health technology assessment?

Background

To summarize the quality of pharmacoeconomic publications for China compared to internationally and to identify areas for improvement both from a China-specific and international perspective.

Methods

First, we conducted a systematic review of pharmacoeconomic publications for China, with subsequent reporting quality assessment based on the CHEERS checklist. Second, we conducted an umbrella review of pharmacoeconomic publications internationally which used a similar quality assessment. We extracted the CHEERS checklist scores for each study and converted them to percentages to facilitate comparison of results.

Results

CHEERS 2022 instrument was used to evaluate the quality of 154 pharmacoeconomic publications by Chinese scholars. Across these articles, the average quality score was 61.0%, indicating a moderate level of quality on average. There were 27 (17.5%) high quality articles, 85 moderate quality articles (55.2%) and 42 low quality (27.3%) articles. Out of 28 scoring items, those included in the methods section such as: Health economic analysis plan, Characterizing heterogeneity, Characterizing distributional effects, Approach to engagement with patients and others affected by the study, got low scores. In addition to the generally lower scores of international articles on items 9 (Time horizon), 18 (Characterizing heterogeneity) and 24 (Effect of uncertainty), Chinese articles also scored lower than international articles on items included in the methods and other relevant information section,e.g.Health economic analysis plan, Perspective, Discount rate, Analytics and assumptions, Characterizing distributional effects, Approach to engagement with patients and others affected by the study, Source of funding and Conflicts of interest.

Conclusion

The quality of China's pharmacoeconomic publications has been improving year by year since the establishment of the NHSA in 2018, but there is still a quality gap with similar international publications which requires further focus and improvement in study conduct and reporting standards for the evidence-base to be sufficient for HTA.