Liu, Y., Liu, S., Chen, F. et al. (3 more authors) (2025) Optimizing the zymogram of exogenous proteases in broiler diets by in vitro simulated gastrointestinal digestion and response surface methodology. Scientific Reports, 15. 6605. ISSN 2045-2322
Abstract
Low protein digestibility causes intestinal flora imbalance, wet litter, and nitrogen pollution. The present study aimed to explore the optimal zymogram of exogenous acid protease (ACP), neutral protease (NEP), alkaline protease (ALP), and keratinase (KEA) in corn-soybean based diets for broilers. The hydrolysis performances of the four monocomponent proteases were presented by enzymatic hydrolysate gross energy (EHGE) and improved dry matter digestibility (IDMD), which were tested via the in vitro simulated digestion method. The optimal combination of the four proteases was predicted by the response surface method. Results showed that the optimal zymogram for 1 to 3-wk-old broiler diet was 1.80 U/g ACP, 2.30 U/g NEP, 29.30 U/g ALP, and 2.80 U/g KEA, and the EHGE and IDMD reached 94.65 Cal/g and 2.54%. The optimal zymogram for 4 to 6-wk-old broiler diet was 1.50 U/g ACP, 1.90 U/g NEP, 31.53 U/g ALP, and 3.10 U/g KEA, and the EHGE and IDMD reached 92.29 Cal/g and 2.47%. The performances of the predicted optimal zymogram were further verified by in vitro simulated digestion method. Collectively, the combined use of four proteases could improve the protein digestibility in broiler diets, which had better effect than monocomponent protease.
Metadata
Item Type: | Article |
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Authors/Creators: |
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Copyright, Publisher and Additional Information: | © 2025 The Authors. This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License, which permits any non-commercial use, sharing, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if you modified the licensed material. You do not have permission under this licence to share adapted material derived from this article or parts of it. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/. |
Keywords: | In vitro simulated digestion; Poultry diet; Protease; Response surface methodology; Zymogram; Animals; Chickens; Peptide Hydrolases; Digestion; Animal Feed; Diet; Gastrointestinal Tract; Animal Nutritional Physiological Phenomena |
Dates: |
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Institution: | The University of Sheffield |
Academic Units: | The University of Sheffield > Faculty of Engineering (Sheffield) > Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering (Sheffield) |
Depositing User: | Symplectic Sheffield |
Date Deposited: | 03 Mar 2025 12:15 |
Last Modified: | 03 Mar 2025 12:15 |
Published Version: | https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-88954-w |
Status: | Published |
Publisher: | Springer Science and Business Media LLC |
Refereed: | Yes |
Identification Number: | 10.1038/s41598-025-88954-w |
Related URLs: | |
Open Archives Initiative ID (OAI ID): | oai:eprints.whiterose.ac.uk:223935 |