Tasca, E., Besharat, M. orcid.org/0000-0001-5222-0679, Ramos, H.M. et al. (2 more authors) (2023) Contribution of Air Management to the Energy Efficiency of Water Pipelines. Sustainability, 15 (5). 3875. ISSN 2071-1050
Abstract
Water conveyance systems are notorious for incurring considerable energy expenditures, either as losses of gravitational potential energy or as increased electricity consumption. Entrapped air pockets, originating from ineffective or nonexistent air management schemes, are common and often significant contributors to these energy costs. This work summarizes the detrimental influence of entrapped air on the energetics and conveyance capacity of pressurized pipelines and identifies those conditions that typically result in temporary or persistent air accumulations. Gravity and pumped lines are considered and gravity lines are shown to be more prone to the negative effects of entrapped air. In addition, initially robust air management strategies can gradually degrade if poorly adjusted to evolving circumstances. The paper critically assesses two common air management strategies: through employing air valves or by air removal by hydraulic means—that is, by considering a line’s configuration along with an attempt to predict the necessary flow conditions for the hydraulic removal of entrapped air.
Metadata
Item Type: | Article |
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Authors/Creators: |
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Copyright, Publisher and Additional Information: | © 2023 by the authors. This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC-BY 4.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. |
Keywords: | air pocket; air valve; water pipeline; water supply; energy efficiency |
Dates: |
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Institution: | The University of Leeds |
Academic Units: | The University of Leeds > Faculty of Engineering & Physical Sciences (Leeds) > School of Civil Engineering (Leeds) |
Depositing User: | Symplectic Publications |
Date Deposited: | 13 Feb 2025 15:19 |
Last Modified: | 13 Feb 2025 15:19 |
Status: | Published |
Publisher: | MDPI |
Identification Number: | 10.3390/su15053875 |
Related URLs: | |
Sustainable Development Goals: | |
Open Archives Initiative ID (OAI ID): | oai:eprints.whiterose.ac.uk:223183 |