Tasca, E., Besharat, M. orcid.org/0000-0001-5222-0679, Ramos, H.M. et al. (2 more authors) (2023) Exploring the Sensitivity of the Transient Response following Power Failure to Air Valve and Pipeline Characteristics. Water, 15 (19). 3476. ISSN 2073-4441
Abstract
Air valves are protective devices often used in pressurised water pipelines, ideally admitting air to limit sub-atmospheric pressures and controlling the release of entrapped air. This work summarises a comprehensive sensitivity analysis of the transient behaviour in a rising water pipeline with an air valve following a pump trip. The paper examines the water hammer stages associated with a pump trip, namely, the initial depressurisation, followed by air admission, then air expulsion, and finally the creation of a secondary pressure wave. For each air valve location and specific set of design conditions, the relationship between the transient magnitude and air valve outflow capacity is found to be non-linear, but to roughly follow the shape of a logistic curve having a lower left plateau for attenuated (type 1) behaviour and transitioning through type 2 behaviour to a higher right plateau for water-hammer-dominated (type 3) behaviour. Through an extensive set of simulations covering a wide range of conditions, the study identifies the size of the critical outflow orifices associated with both type 1 and type 3 responses and assesses the influence of the location of the air valve on the transient magnitude and on the timing of air pocket collapse. Furthermore, the paper highlights that a non-slam air valve is capable of effectively mitigating transient magnitudes provided that its design parameters are judiciously chosen and account for both the system’s attributes and the characteristics of the transient event.
Metadata
Item Type: | Article |
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Authors/Creators: |
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Copyright, Publisher and Additional Information: | © 2023 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
Keywords: | air valve; air pocket; water hammer; hydraulic transient; pump trip; pumping system; water supply |
Dates: |
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Institution: | The University of Leeds |
Academic Units: | The University of Leeds > Faculty of Engineering & Physical Sciences (Leeds) > School of Civil Engineering (Leeds) |
Depositing User: | Symplectic Publications |
Date Deposited: | 14 Feb 2025 15:34 |
Last Modified: | 14 Feb 2025 15:34 |
Status: | Published |
Publisher: | MDPI |
Identification Number: | 10.3390/w15193476 |
Related URLs: | |
Open Archives Initiative ID (OAI ID): | oai:eprints.whiterose.ac.uk:223180 |