Exploring the Antimicrobial Potential and Anticancer Activity on MCF-7 as a Human Cancer Cell Line with Gold Nanoparticles Derived from Yapa Tangerine Leaves Extract

In this study, gold nanoparticles were synthesized using a simple, cost-effective, and environmentally friendly method. Yapa tangerine tree leaf extract was employed as both a reducing and capping agent to reduce gold ions and facilitate nanoparticle formation. The morphology, size, and purity of the gold nanoparticles were analyzed using TEM, XRD, UV-Vis, and FT-IR techniques. The surface plasmon resonance peak of the gold nanoparticles was identified at 520 nm via UV-Vis analysis. TEM and XRD confirmed that the nanoparticles had an average size of 25-35 nm and exhibited uniformity. After characterization, the anticancer activity of the synthesized gold nanoparticles was tested against the MCF-7 cell line, showing significant cytotoxicity at low concentrations. The antibacterial activity of the gold nanoparticles was also evaluated against six Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacterial strains. The MIC values were found to be 9.37 μg/mL for Escherichia coli, 18.75 μg/mL for Klebsiella pneumoniae, 150 μg/mL for Staphylococcus aureus, 37.5 μg/mL for Streptococcus mutans, 37.5 μg/mL for Streptococcus mitis, and 75 μg/mL for Enterococcus faecalis. These findings suggest that gold nanoparticles have strong potential for future biological and biotechnological applications.