Biological Evaluation of Silver Nanoparticles Synthesized from Bitter Orange Peel Extract: Antibacterial and Anticancer Properties on Human Breast Cancer Cell Line

In recent years, the synthesis of nanoparticles using environmentally friendly and cost-effective methods has become a primary goal for researchers and industries. In this study, silver nanoparticles were synthesized via a green chemistry approach using bitter orange peel extract. The synthesized nanoparticles were characterized through UV-Vis, FT-IR, XRD, and TEM analyses. TEM results revealed that the silver nanoparticles had a spherical morphology, with a size of approximately 35-45 nm, showing uniformity and homogeneity. After characterization, the antibacterial activity of the nanoparticles was evaluated against four strains of both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. MIC results indicated that the synthesized nanoparticles exhibited the highest activity against Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae, with MIC values of 125 and 250 µg/mL, respectively. The antibacterial activity of the nanoparticles was significantly higher than that of the bitter orange peel extract alone. Furthermore, the anticancer activity of the nanoparticles was tested against the MCF-7 cancer cell line. The IC50 value of the nanoparticles was found to be 4.28 µg/mL, demonstrating their potential as anticancer agents. Overall, the findings suggest that the synthesized silver nanoparticles have considerable potential for various biological applications.