Ibrahim, M.R. orcid.org/0000-0001-7733-7777 and Lyons, T. (2025) Transforming CCTV cameras into NO2 sensors at city scale for adaptive policymaking. Scientific Reports, 15. 3640. ISSN 2045-2322
Abstract
Air pollution in cities, especially NO2, is linked to numerous health problems, ranging from mortality to mental health challenges and attention deficits in children. While cities globally have initiated policies to curtail emissions, real-time monitoring remains challenging due to limited environmental sensors and their inconsistent distribution. This gap hinders the creation of adaptive urban policies that respond to the sequence of events and daily activities affecting pollution in cities. Here, we demonstrate how city CCTV cameras can act as a pseudo-NO2 sensors. Using a predictive graph deep model, we utilised traffic flow from London’s cameras in addition to environmental and spatial factors, generating NO2 predictions from over 133 million frames. Our analysis of London’s mobility patterns unveiled critical spatiotemporal connections, showing how specific traffic patterns affect NO2 levels, sometimes with temporal lags of up to 6 h. For instance, if trucks only drive at night, their effects on NO2 levels are most likely to be seen in the morning when people commute. These findings cast doubt on the efficacy of some of the urban policies currently being implemented to reduce pollution. By leveraging existing camera infrastructure and our introduced methods, city planners and policymakers could cost-effectively monitor and mitigate the impact of NO2 and other pollutants.
Metadata
Item Type: | Article |
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Authors/Creators: |
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Copyright, Publisher and Additional Information: | © The Author(s) 2025. This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC-BY 4.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. |
Keywords: | Air quality, Computer vision, Deep learning, Environmental analysis, Policy-making, Cities |
Dates: |
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Institution: | The University of Leeds |
Academic Units: | The University of Leeds > Faculty of Environment (Leeds) > School of Geography (Leeds) > Centre for Spatial Analysis & Policy (Leeds) |
Depositing User: | Symplectic Publications |
Date Deposited: | 07 Feb 2025 10:27 |
Last Modified: | 07 Feb 2025 10:27 |
Status: | Published online |
Publisher: | Nature Research |
Identification Number: | 10.1038/s41598-025-86532-8 |
Related URLs: | |
Sustainable Development Goals: | |
Open Archives Initiative ID (OAI ID): | oai:eprints.whiterose.ac.uk:223003 |