Sagar, R.C. and Millson-Brown, V. (2024) Gender-affirming hormone treatment modalities for transfemale & non-binary transfeminine individuals: A UK perspective. Best Practice & Research Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism, 38 (5). 101921. ISSN 1521-690X
Abstract
Gender incongruence and the number of people seeking gender affirming hormone treatment has dramatically risen in the last two decades. In the UK, transgender women and non-binary transfeminine individuals are typically treated with simultaneous suppression of endogenous testosterone production through anti-androgens and exogenous oestradiol replacement. Oestrogen replacement comes in different forms and is primarily given as transdermal (gel or patch) or oral preparations in the UK. Decisions around preparation choice are based on a combination of individual preference and/or mitigating the chance of complications based on individual risk profiles. Time frames to achieve female physical changes are largely predictable and managing expectations of individuals prior to commencing treatment is highly important. Common complications include venous thromboembolism, liver dysfunction and effects on fertility, thus individuals should be thoroughly counselled prior to commencing treatment. This article provides an overview of the management and considerations of gender-affirming hormone treatment in transgender women and non-binary transfeminine individuals.
Metadata
Item Type: | Article |
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Authors/Creators: |
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Copyright, Publisher and Additional Information: | Crown Copyright © 2024 Published by Elsevier Ltd. This is an open access article under the CC BY license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
Keywords: | oestrogen; oestradiol; transgender women; transfemale; gender dysphoria |
Dates: |
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Institution: | The University of Leeds |
Academic Units: | The University of Leeds > Faculty of Medicine and Health (Leeds) > School of Medicine (Leeds) > Leeds Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine (LICAMM) > Clinical & Population Science Dept (Leeds) |
Depositing User: | Symplectic Publications |
Date Deposited: | 23 Jan 2025 16:25 |
Last Modified: | 23 Jan 2025 16:25 |
Status: | Published |
Publisher: | Elsevier |
Identification Number: | 10.1016/j.beem.2024.101921 |
Related URLs: | |
Open Archives Initiative ID (OAI ID): | oai:eprints.whiterose.ac.uk:222085 |