Baird, A.S. orcid.org/0000-0002-9859-5633, Taylor, S.H. orcid.org/0000-0001-9714-0656, Pasquet‐Kok, J. et al. (8 more authors) (2025) Resolving the contrasting leaf hydraulic adaptation of C3 and C4 grasses. New Phytologist, 245 (5). pp. 1924-1939. ISSN 0028-646X
Abstract
Grasses are exceptionally productive, yet their hydraulic adaptation is paradoxical. Among C3 grasses, a high photosynthetic rate (Aarea) may depend on higher vein density (Dv) and hydraulic conductance (Kleaf). However, the higher Dv of C4 grasses suggests a hydraulic surplus, given their reduced need for high Kleaf resulting from lower stomatal conductance (gs).
Combining hydraulic and photosynthetic physiological data for diverse common garden C3 and C4 species with data for 332 species from the published literature, and mechanistic modeling, we validated a framework for linkages of photosynthesis with hydraulic transport, anatomy, and adaptation to aridity.
C3 and C4 grasses had similar Kleaf in our common garden, but C4 grasses had higher Kleaf than C3 species in our meta-analysis. Variation in Kleaf depended on outside-xylem pathways. C4 grasses have high Kleaf : gs, which modeling shows is essential to achieve their photosynthetic advantage.
Across C3 grasses, higher Aarea was associated with higher Kleaf, and adaptation to aridity, whereas for C4 species, adaptation to aridity was associated with higher Kleaf : gs. These associations are consistent with adaptation for stress avoidance.
Hydraulic traits are a critical element of evolutionary and ecological success in C3 and C4 grasses and are crucial avenues for crop design and ecological forecasting.
Metadata
Item Type: | Article |
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Authors/Creators: |
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Copyright, Publisher and Additional Information: | © 2025 The Author(s). New Phytologist © 2025 New Phytologist Foundation. This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ |
Keywords: | Poaceae; aridity; climate; drought tolerance; photosynthesis; water transport |
Dates: |
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Institution: | The University of Sheffield |
Academic Units: | The University of Sheffield > Faculty of Science (Sheffield) > School of Biosciences (Sheffield) |
Funding Information: | Funder Grant number NATURAL ENVIRONMENT RESEARCH COUNCIL NE/T000759/1 |
Depositing User: | Symplectic Sheffield |
Date Deposited: | 17 Jan 2025 16:19 |
Last Modified: | 12 Mar 2025 12:35 |
Status: | Published |
Publisher: | Wiley |
Refereed: | Yes |
Identification Number: | 10.1111/nph.20341 |
Related URLs: | |
Open Archives Initiative ID (OAI ID): | oai:eprints.whiterose.ac.uk:221699 |