Pickering polymerized high internal phase emulsions: fundamentals to advanced applications

Pickering-polymerized high internal phase emulsions have attracted attention since their successful first preparation 15 years ago, primarily due to their large pores and potential for functionalization during production. This review elucidates the fundamental principles of Pickering emulsions, Pickering HIPEs, and Pickering PolyHIPEs while comparing them to conventional surfactant-stabilized counterparts. The morphology of Pickering PolyHIPEs, with particular emphasis on methods for achieving interconnected structures, is explored and critically assessed. Lastly, the mechanical properties and diverse applications of these materials are reviewed, highlighting their use as catalytic supports and sorbent materials. The study aims to guide both new and experienced researchers in the field by comprehensively addressing the current potential and challenges of Pickering PolyHIPEs. Once the mystery behind the closed cellular pores of Pickering PolyHIPEs is resolved, these materials are expected to become more popular, particularly in applications where mass transfer is critical, such as tissue engineering.