Karapateas, L. orcid.org/0009-0008-0012-5504, Lai, Y. orcid.org/0000-0002-9987-0975, Meng, X. orcid.org/0009-0003-6794-4807 et al. (3 more authors) (2024) Si APD-based high speed infrared radiation thermometry for analysing the temperature instability of a combustion chamber. Sensors, 24 (23). 7780. ISSN 1424-8220
Abstract
This study introduces a novel approach to analysing the combustion process using a high-speed, non-contact, optical fibre-coupled Si avalanche photodiode (APD)-based infrared radiation thermometer (IRT). The Si APD-IRT, combined with an optimised field-programmable gate array (FPGA)-based digital design, achieves a response time of 1 µs, faster than commercially available instruments. Our instrument captures the entire ignition and reignition cycle of a Jet A kerosene droplet with high temporal precision within a combustion chamber, a feat impossible with traditional thermocouples. The FPGA module was validated with a 1 µs data acquisition time, using a 40 MHz onboard clock, achieving throughput of 0.64 Gbps with efficiencies of 0.062 Mbps/slice in lookup tables (LUTs), confirming a low-area design compared to conventional FPGAs. The IRT achieves a root mean square (RMS) noise specification of 0.5 °C at a 1 µs acquisition time and a target temperature of approximately 1000 °C. A measurement uncertainty of within ±0.25% °C + 2 °C confirms that it lies within the bounds of commercial instrumentations. Our instrument was demonstrated to capture transient temperature fluctuations during combustion and characterises Jet A kerosene fuel droplets, laying the foundation for understanding sustainable aviation fuels (SAFs) and their role in transitioning from aviation fossil fuels, enabling effective research and development
Metadata
Item Type: | Article |
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Authors/Creators: |
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Copyright, Publisher and Additional Information: | © 2024 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
Keywords: | avalanche photodiode; droplet combustion; ignition; infrared radiation thermometry; field-programmable gate array |
Dates: |
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Institution: | The University of Sheffield |
Academic Units: | The University of Sheffield > Faculty of Engineering (Sheffield) > School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering The University of Sheffield > Faculty of Engineering (Sheffield) > Department of Electronic and Electrical Engineering (Sheffield) |
Funding Information: | Funder Grant number ENGINEERING AND PHYSICAL SCIENCE RESEARCH COUNCIL EP/R045240/1 |
Depositing User: | Symplectic Sheffield |
Date Deposited: | 17 Dec 2024 11:21 |
Last Modified: | 17 Dec 2024 11:21 |
Status: | Published |
Publisher: | MDPI AG |
Refereed: | Yes |
Identification Number: | 10.3390/s24237780 |
Open Archives Initiative ID (OAI ID): | oai:eprints.whiterose.ac.uk:220913 |