Oguta, J.O. orcid.org/0000-0002-2401-9895, Breeze, P. orcid.org/0000-0002-4189-8676, Wambiya, E. orcid.org/0000-0002-4149-3417 et al. (9 more authors) (2024) Prevalence and determinants of ideal cardiovascular health in Kenya: a cross-sectional study using data from the 2015 Kenya STEPwise survey. Global Heart, 19 (1). 79. ISSN 2211-8160
Abstract
Background: Kenya is experiencing a rising burden of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) due to epidemiological and demographic shifts, along with increasing risk factors. Ideal cardiovascular health (iCVH), defined by the American Heart Association (AHA), encompasses eight metrics to evaluate cardiovascular well-being. This study assessed the prevalence and determinants of iCVH in Kenya.
Methods: Data from the 2015 Kenya STEPwise survey on non-communicable disease risk factors, including 4,500 adults aged 18–69, were analysed. iCVH was assessed using 2022 AHA criteria based on seven factors: nicotine exposure, physical activity, diet, BMI, blood pressure, glucose, and lipid levels. A cardiovascular health (CVH) CVH score of ≥80% classified individuals as having iCVH. Multivariable binary and ordinal logistic regression identified factors associated with iCVH.
Results: The mean CVH score in Kenya was 78.6% (95% CI: 77.9,79.2%), higher in females (79.3%), rural areas (79.5%), and non-drinkers (79.6%) than in males (77.9%), urban residents (77.0%), and alcohol drinkers (75.4%), respectively. The prevalence of iCVH (CVH score ≥80%) was 45.6%, while 6.4% had poor CVH (CVH score <50%). Only 1.2% achieved the maximum CVH score. iCVH prevalence declined with age and was lower among married individuals (43.7%), alcohol drinkers (32.3%), and urban residents (39.7%). Older adults had 50–80% lower odds of iCVH compared to those under 30 years. Alcohol users (AOR 0.5; p < 0.001) and urban residents (AOR 0.6; p < 0.001) were less likely to have iCVH. Residents of Nairobi and Central regions had 40–60% lower odds of iCVH compared to those in Rift Valley. The Kalenjin (AOR 0.5; p = 0.027) and Turkana (AOR 0.3; p = 0.002) ethnic groups had lower odds of iCVH compared to the Kisii.
Conclusion: Less than half of Kenyan adults have iCVH, with poorer CVH status among older adults, urban residents, and alcohol users. Targeted public health interventions could mitigate the CVD burden and enhance health outcomes in Kenya.
Metadata
Item Type: | Article |
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Authors/Creators: |
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Copyright, Publisher and Additional Information: | © 2024 The Author(s). This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (CC-BY 4.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. See http://creativecommons.org/ licenses/by/4.0/. |
Keywords: | Ideal cardiovascular health; Kenya; cardiovascular disease; cardiovascular disease risk factors; determinants; prevalence; Humans; Kenya; Male; Female; Adult; Middle Aged; Cardiovascular Diseases; Prevalence; Cross-Sectional Studies; Young Adult; Adolescent; Aged; Risk Factors; Health Status |
Dates: |
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Institution: | The University of Sheffield |
Academic Units: | The University of Sheffield > Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health (Sheffield) > School of Medicine and Population Health The University of Sheffield > Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health (Sheffield) > School of Health and Related Research (Sheffield) > ScHARR - Sheffield Centre for Health and Related Research |
Depositing User: | Symplectic Sheffield |
Date Deposited: | 01 Nov 2024 09:56 |
Last Modified: | 01 Nov 2024 09:56 |
Status: | Published |
Publisher: | Ubiquity Press, Ltd. |
Refereed: | Yes |
Identification Number: | 10.5334/gh.1363 |
Related URLs: | |
Open Archives Initiative ID (OAI ID): | oai:eprints.whiterose.ac.uk:219098 |